Grand Juries in the U.S.: Investigating Potential Crimes and Issuing Indictments
What is a Grand Jury?
Grand juries in the United States are groups of citizens empowered by federal or state law to conduct legal proceedings, primarily investigating potential criminal conduct. They are set up by a prosecutor to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to pursue a prosecution.
Functions of a Grand Jury
The primary functions of a grand jury include:
- Listening to evidence presented by prosecutors and witnesses
- Determining if there is probable cause to believe a crime has been committed
- Issuing an indictment formally charging a person with committing a crime
Composition and Procedures
A grand jury consists of 16 to 23 people selected from a pool of eligible citizens. Proceedings are secret, and jurors are sworn to maintain confidentiality. Grand juries do not decide guilt or innocence but rather determine if there is enough evidence to warrant a trial.
Role in the Justice System
Grand juries play a crucial role in the American justice system by providing an independent review of criminal charges before a trial. They help ensure that only those with sufficient evidence against them are subject to prosecution, protecting individual rights and preventing frivolous charges.
Conclusion
Grand juries are essential components of the criminal justice system in the United States. They provide a forum for citizens to participate in the legal process by reviewing evidence, issuing indictments, and safeguarding the rights of individuals.
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